The SEO Roadmap with Free Resources & Tools

Version 23 Updated on August 17, 2023

Start learning SEO or expand your SEO education to grow your site’s organic traffic by understanding every aspect of SEO in order to become or grow further as an SEO specialist with Learning SEO. Learning SEO is a comprehensive guide, featuring the main areas along with resources to learn.

From SEO fundamentals concepts, such as keyword research, link building, to content optimization, technical SEO, to SEO metrics to monitor, how to establish an SEO strategy and what to do when a search algorithm update happens, SEO advice and tips about each main topic from specialists and more, here you’ll find a complete roadmap to learn all the aspects of SEO with free reliable comprehensive blog posts, guides, online courses, resources and tools developed by the SEO community.

The SEO Learning Roadmap

Take a look at the SEO learning roadmap below, featuring the different areas, from the basics of SEO, to the most common activities and phases of the SEO Process:

Start learning SEO with the fundamental concepts and areas, why they're important, and the basics to execute them: keyword research, content optimization analysis, technical optimization and link building.
Once you know the main SEO concepts, it's time to put them in practice by learning to develop an SEO process, from establishing a strategy and setting goals to management, measurement, and reporting.
Learn to implement the most important SEO configurations in the top Web platforms in the market, along with considerations to take into account.
LearningSEO
Access, Copy and Share these Free SEO Guides, Resources and Tools in Google Sheets.

In case you want to easily copy to use or share these free reliable SEO resources from the different areas covered by the roadmap, I’ve also created a Google Sheet that you can copy here to use it as a reference while you learn SEO.

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The Learning SEO Roadmap FAQs
What's SEO?

SEO, or Search Engine Optimization, is a practice that involves enhancing a website’s technical configuration, content, and backlinks -among other aspects- to make it more visible in search engine results pages (SERPs). The primary goal is to improve a website’s ranking, so it appears among the top results when users search for relevant information, product, or services; and as a consequence, grow its traffic and conversions or sales. 

Can I learn SEO on my own?

Although it’s always easier to learn anything when someone with experience is guiding you, it’s feasible to learn SEO on your own and that is the reason why LearningSEO.io was created: to facilitate the self-learning SEO journey of newcomers through reliable free resources that can be read or watched in a logical order to better understand the concepts and putting them into practice. It’s also highly advisable to test while learning, by putting into practice what you learn on your own site, even if you build a simple one with no-code tools for this purpose. 

Is SEO in demand?

Yes, SEO is in demand in 2023. This demand is evident in several ways: 68% of online experiences begin with a search engine (1), the SEO industry was predicted to reach $77.6 billion in 2023 (2) and demand for SEO services continues to grow. In the US, the demand peaked in December 2022, and key search phrases showing significant growth include “seo local,” “seo agency,” “seo content,” “seo consultant,” and “seo analytics” (3). 

Does SEO require coding?

SEO doesn’t require coding, but understanding some basic elements of Web coding -HTML and JS- that affect the capacity of search engines to access your content and rank it, can certainly help you, especially when doing technical SEO. You have reliable HTML & CSS resources, as well as JavaScript guides in the “complement your SEO” section. 

Does Google offer an SEO Certification?

No, Google doesn’t have an official SEO certification. They offer guides and best practices but don’t provide SEO certifications. 

Can you make money doing SEO?

Yes. SEO offers diverse career opportunities, from working in-house to taking on clients or starting and growing your own websites. There is an important demand for SEO specialists too: As of 2023, there are 7430 SEO jobs listed in the United States on Glassdoor, indicating substantial demand for these skills in the job market. According to ZipRecruiter, as of May 2023, the average annual pay for an SEO Specialist in the United States is $64,172. 

In what order should you go through the SEO roadmap?

For SEO Beginners Looking to Start Learning: 

If you’re just starting to learn SEO, begin with the first phase “Learn SEO Basics” which teaches about the main concepts and areas that influence SEO, what are search engine crawlers and how they work, what are title tags, what is an internal link, what impact search rankings, what doesn’t affect search results, how to identify relevant keywords with keyword research tools, how to optimize relevant content, what is link building and what link metrics to pay attention to, and more start with your understanding of SEO and most common SEO issues. 

Then follow with the second phase “Learn to Execute an SEO Process” which covers what SEO needs to be implemented, fundamental to have an “overview” of how the SEO process actually works from a strategical standpoint to attract the desired relevant traffic: How to develop an on page SEO audit, how to establish a link building strategy or how to monitor your search engine rankings or Website’s visibility. 

If you want to start executing an SEO campaign for hands-on experience for free or very little resources in your own sites, take a look at the “Implement with Free SEO tools” section to obtain reliable handy free tools to use in your first SEO processes: from on page optimization to page speed, and keyword tools, with tips from SEO experts about how to use them.

Have a WordPress site? Or a Website using Shopify, Magento or Webflow? If the site you’re working on is using one of the most popular Web platforms, take a look at the “Implement SEO in your CMS“, to get hands-on advice to effectively implement SEO related best practices in them, leveraging these platforms functionalities and plug-ins.  

 

For SEOs Looking to Expand Knowledge: 

Expand your SEO knowledge beyond the fundamentals, to take your organic search results to the next level with the “Deepen your SEO Knowledge” to get more in-depth SEO understanding: from site speed to content strategy, this section covers the different technical, content, backlinks, management and opportunities across different day to day SEO scenarios. 

Depending on the type of company or industry you’re working for (or want to work at) you might want to decide to specialize, and for that you can pick the specialization you’re interested about from the “Specialize within SEO” area. 

At this point, you would have already started with your SEO process implementation and seen there are very time-consuming tasks that within your context they should be viable to automate and you already know (or willing to learn) some of the most popular programming/scripting languages to automate them. For that take a look at the “Automate SEO Tasks” section.

In parallel, I would recommend you to start following the latest SEO related updates and search engine news, to keep up with all what you’ve started to learn. Check out the “Keep up with SEO News” for that, listing reliable SEO publications, podcasts, newsletters, etc. that you can subscribe to. 

Finally, to complement your SEO journey and support your efforts through the execution of the SEO process, you can take a look at the “Complement your SEO Knowledge” section, listing broader digital marketing  resources of connected areas known to be useful for SEO projects success, although not SEO specific, like using Google Analytics, or the building blocks of Front-End Web Development. 

Should you go through all the areas and resources of the SEO Roadmap to learn SEO?

I’ve been also asked if I recommend reading all the SEO roadmap resources and go through all the different areas to better learn SEO or if it’s ok to just pick some of them to pick up the SEO basics and a few SEO techniques to start with. 

As you can see in the answer I gave to the question above about “In what order should I go through the SEO roadmap”, there’s value in each one of these areas to become a well-rounded successful SEO that understands all the needed aspects to grow Websites organic search traffic, although depending on what you want to specialize on, you might want to decide to go deeper in some of them and leave others for later on. 

Because of this, if you can, I would recommend going through all the areas and read at least a couple of the SEO guides/resources listed in each, since I believe that it will allow you to better understand how each of these play a role within the SEO process, and how SEO works as a whole, even if you later decide to focus on a certain area (technical SEO, content SEO, link builder) instead of deciding to become an overall SEO specialist. Then, if you decide to specialize on a specific area within SEO, you can then go through all the resources listed within that area and related/connected topics. 

Can you help me to sort out why a page doesn’t rank better (or at all)?

Sure thing! “Why a page is not ranking for a relevant query in Google Search results” is one of the most common questions you’ll get asked as an SEO. To help you, here’s a checklist with basic SEO diagnostics questions to ask, as well as areas to analyze and types of tools to use, including a Google Sheets resource too. 

What are the top issues, challenges and mistakes to avoid when learning SEO?

There are common challenges when learning SEO that would be important to be aware of to avoid. Here are top ones shared by experienced SEO specialists: 

  • “Misinformation or out of date information. It’s strange how many people have read things on the internet, from ranking studies to black hat forums where someone has said something and it has been treated as factual.” – Gerry White, SEO Director and co-organizer of TakeItOffiline. 
  • “Feeling overwhelmed because I’m learning something new. I think that’s very common, especially with Tech SEO, to feel extremely overwhelmed by what you’re learning. It’s important to take your time, ask for help and to believe that you’ll eventually ‘get’ it.” – Areej AbuAli, SEO Consultant & Founder of Women in Tech SEO. 
  • “The idea that *Teach me/my team everything about SEO in <6hr* works – is a recipe for failure. You need to learn principles, you view them 1st with a lens to your own needs & then you apply them to gain experience. This takes time, everyone needs realistic expectations here.” – Chris Green, Senior SEO Consultant at Torque Partnership.
  • “I’d say learning without practicing. Courses and guides from the right sources are good ways to learn SEO, but they are just one side of it. If you don’t try out what you’re learning, you’ll never know what works and what doesn’t. If possible, build a website or ask family & close friends for access to theirs and practice what you learn (cautiously). This way, you not only learn but can get results, no matter how small, that’ll come in handy in landing your first SEO job. It worked for me.” – Katherine Nwanorue, Technical SEO Specialist
  • “Mistake: Believing every piece of information published online. Solution: Do read what others have to say or present but don’t believe it blindly. Test and analyse it, then make your decisions. Always test on a small sample of pages first before making sitewide changes.” – Praveen Sharma, SEO Consultant & Strategist 
  • “For me it was to learn that content, technical SEO and other digital channels have to work together to be successful” – Veronika Hoeller, Senior SEO Manager 
  • “In SEO the biggest pain point in learning it as a beginner is misinformation. Beginners will inevitably feel overwhelmed and would not know how to discern fact from disinformation (esp. SERP searches). Ideally the best way to go would be to join a forum or slack channel, like the one for tech seo women, where you can get legitimate feedback in a healthy manner. It’s free and the feedback is from professionals.” – Iman, SEO Specialist
SEO learning Tips from experienced Specialists

If you’re looking for free reliable resources to learn search engine optimization using this SEO roadmap, I’ve aggregated the best free guides, checklists and courses from the SEO industry that you can use to learn, since there are a lot of excellent free SEO online resources but also a lot of noise, so it’s sometimes difficult to identify them. Select the area you’re interested in. 

"There is no SEO that is an expert in everything, and that’s why it’s more than okay to ask for opinions or thoughts on a subject no matter how long you have been in the game."
Tessa Bonacci Nadik
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"Try everything and then find and stick to your niche. Seo is too broad a field to be good at every aspect of it. It's okay to openly talk to your manager about this and ask to be "allowed" to specialise."
Anett Pohl
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"Focus on the principles rather than just the tactics. What do Google want to serve their customers? Results that are.. Valuable, Relevant, Indexable, A positive User Experience. When in doubt, that should steer you well."
Mark Johnstone
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"I would tell myself to try things for yourself, build a site that doesn't have to be anything but a testing ground for you. Also, talk to others in the industry and outside it. Ask questions - stay curious and question your own assumptions to get outside your bubbles."
Jess Joyce
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"SEO is a medium and not the ultimate goal. We as SEO's tend to get involved in getting things done that are sometimes not aligned with the business/marketing goals which leads to disparity! That's why we should focus on the ultimate goal using SEO as a medium."
The Rank Machine
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"Half the battle is building relationships, earning buy-in and making sure you're in the loop. You need to sell yourself and the value of your recommendations if you want to succeed in SEO. Make friends with your writers, developers (in house or not), and even non marketing folks!"
Sara Naatz
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"Almost everything you do should begin in the mind & experience of the searcher. It’s ok to push back on a client, it’s ok to hold a client accountable, it’s ok to say no to a client, it’s ok to fire a client."
Sam McRoberts
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"Surround yourself with smart people, but be confident in yourself. Talk to people at conferences, that's where I've learnt the best things! There's a ratio between mouths and ears for a reason tho, listen twice as much as you speak."
Gerry White
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"Don’t ever think that you know everything. Things change far too quickly for you to ever possibly know EVERYTHING, even in your niche! Plus talk to people, network, surround yourself with people who are just as passionate about SEO as you are. That’s how you’ll grow."
Sophie Brannon
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"The one thing I wish I'd known earlier is to always be mindful of commercial goals. It doesn't matter how technical you are, if you can't track your tactics and strategy to the money and convey that connection to your stakeholders, your projects and ultimately, career will stall."
Nick Wilsdon
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"I wish I found out earlier in my career that it's fine to say "I don't know" and to ask for help rather than trying to pretend I'm always on it, especially in my relationship with development."
Roxana Stingu
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".. Don't get caught up about other people "cheating". There's not a lot you can do, and don't expect G to take action. Instead - look for anything "good" they are doing/getting, and replicate/emulate that, and then move on. The goal is Not Rankings - that's only a metric.."
Lyndon NA
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"Keep it simple. The industry can seem overwhelmingly overcomplicated when you start but as you gain more experience you realise it’s the simple things, the foundations of SEO if you will, that have the most impact."
Andrew Charlton
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"Doing X won't lead to the same amount of improvement for site B, as when you did it for site A. That's not because you failed, it's because you cannot control all the variables, no two sites are exactly the same this way. So be prepared to be flexible, and adjust your approach. Also a good reason not to look what successful sites are doing, emulate that and expect the same success. Those sites may well be ranking in spite of whatever tactic you are planning on replicating."
Dave Smart
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"Choose your tools wisely. Deeply learning and understanding a core set of pro-level SEO tools is far more valuable than chasing each new shiny thing. Bonus points if your tools play well together, but if not just brush up on manipulating spreadsheets to get the answers you need!"
Michelle Bourbonniere
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"I would go back and tell myself that if you're just pushing pixels around the page (making small adjustments), you can't expect profound changes in performance. Also, not everyone cares about SEO as much as I do/did. Embrace TL;DR in communications."
Chris Green
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"Use and try all the tools you can. Listen and learn from the global SEO community and let everyone around you know about it. Never assume you know everything about how to use a search engine. Learn to be comfortable when the honest answer to your bosses is *It Depends*"
Ellie
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"SEO is no black and white, and learning never stops. Learn what sources to trust: magazines, professionals, seo blogs, newsletters. Build your opinion the way researchers would to- collect different angles, case studies, test yourself and then be ready to implement."
Svetlana Stankovic
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"SEO tools are great and they are getting better. But it's easy to get blinded by them. Sometimes you just need to look through a website - not wait for an error to be flagged by a tool. Step back and look at a website, not base your success on getting top marks by a tool."
Mike Richardson
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"Like many things in marketing, it should start with a goal and strategy in mind. We cannot be pushing changes by being reactive to algo updates. Beyond on page and off page techniques - best serve quality content, build your brand and make your site user friendly!"
JJ Nato-Pascasio
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"At start I always tried to just check a lot of boxes with known ranking factors in mind. Now we put everything that is seen, consumed & interacted with by the users first & work on the tech and co. after that. So the first question is always are we providing a good exp. for users"
Whyzkid
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"Build for users, but with Google in mind. (Cheers @SEOMalc). Simple phrase that steered me right. That and Business Reasons > SEO reasons. There may be a good reason it’s a sub domain rather than a subfolder. Ask or risk getting ripped apart by a client in a boardroom..."
John Jackson
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"A good checklist of actions prioritized for cost/effectiveness is more valuable than a cerebral audit of 100 pages."
Gianluca Fiorelli
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"Don't treat SEO and SEO efforts as an isolated channel. SEO should be part of a more 360 strategy from the begining both technical/website foundations and overall company's online marketing strategy related"
Edgar Sánchez
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"Best practices are good but don’t just spout them without first looking at the constraints of the CMS, budget, staff, time, and internal/political/brand pressure. The ultimate best practices are the ones that improve the bottom line."
Mark Alves
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"Stop watching graphs going up or down; watch the tickets getting done. If your strategy is focusing on serving user intent the best way possible, instead of shady short-term practices, focus on that instead of hastily analysing every single suspected Google update."
Gianna Brachetti-Truskawa
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"Understand the business goals, and remember that it not all about traffic, traffic costs money...the right traffic makes you money..."
Arnout Hellemans
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"When I was in-house I wished I had known how to express that all the SEO and blogging we were doing was pointless without a strategy."
Lidia Infante
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"You can specialise in one area and you can hire expertise in the other areas, you don't need to know everything on your own."
Martin McGarry
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"Future-proof your SEO: don't waste your time chasing hype - keep your efforts focused on what search engines want long-term, even if there's a small loophole being exploited by some at the moment."
Dustin Woodard
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"SEO really requires pushing back against perfectionism. You can’t fix everything - there’s no “perfect” site. Over time I’ve learned to focus on the bigger picture. Get crystal clear on your client’s goals & tackle the 3-5 highest priority items that can get them there."
Abby Reimer
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"3 Things: Think about your target audience and their needs, try to serve them what they are looking for. This is exactly what Google is doing for its audience. Don't fear Google updates, SEO principles will remain same."
Praveen Sharma
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"Don't chase the wrong thing. When you're tracking your progress using metrics - sometimes you forget what that metric leads back to. And you end up focusing on wins and fails that have no real value, and lose opportunities that would have contributed to success."
Bibi Raven
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"Best practices aren’t always the best answer... you can spend a lot of time chasing them and never find success. While it’s always a good idea to implement best practices, learning how to identify and set the best priorities should be your main focus."
Jake Bohall
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"How to prioritise better. I started in an ecom business and was being pulled all over the place - would've loved to say "this isn't a priority" when I was being pushed to do a load of work that wouldn't move the SEO needle"
Plants and SEO
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"- You are not alone: there is an awesome SEO community out there, so contribute to it. And if you don't see one, build it. - Try not to stress out so much. Keep a healthy perspective on what you are doing. Learn how to negotiate. Be part of the solution & listen to other depts"
Kayleigh Toyra
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"How SEO fits into the larger landscape of the particular business you're in. Interaction with other channels, how to place it in an overall strategy and how much weight to give it, and what area of SEO that will move the needle based on that."
Ben Böhmer
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"I wish I had known how valuable it was learning from building my own project websites. You can experiment to your heart's desire with your own site and you dont need anyone else's buy in!"
Adam Durrant
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"Build. A. Test. Site. So many SEOs have never done the simple process of buying a domain, setting up hosting, and dogfooding their own tactics. You'll learn more getting a site from zero to $50/mo than nearly anything else."
Kris Roadruck
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"SEO in theory, is very different to SEO in practice. There's very rarely 'an' answer, just lots of different shades of grey. What works in one scenario, might not work in another. Plus, it's all meaningless without business perspective."
Geoff Kennedy
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